Battery Tips

Beginning July 1 implementation of “new energy companies as automobile manufacturing and rules of access management products,” which states that “the use of lead in car battery acid passenger hybrid clean cars of electric and pure electric vehicles and the use of nickel-metal hydride Powered hybrid is classified among the products mature. “Before the loudest voices were included in the stage of vehicle development lithium battery, not a wide-scale promotion of the column.
Performed in Frankfurt, Germany Frankfurt Auto Show, to Daimler - Benz, Volkswagen, Toyota car dealer, represented expressed their optimism about the development of lithium batteries, and a series of hybrid vehicles powered by lithium batteries to reduce emissions carbon vehicles. Such as the Toyota van in carbon emissions of a mere 60 g / km (average annual emissions of ordinary cars 5.000 kilograms).
Then, the outlook for lithium batteries at the end?
New car electrical components is the most important driving force of batteries, electric motors and the system of energy conversion control. The new energy vehicles demanding on the battery, you must have a higher specific energy, high specific power, fast charge and discharge performance deep, and requires the lowest possible cost, life also long as possible. Therefore, the battery pack is a technical threshold of the highest, is also the most concentrated benefits.
Lithium batteries in the rapid growth phase
Car manufacturers usually choose to use lithium batteries as a power driving new energy vehicles, the value of industrial production has enormous potential.
The traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydride technology of metals of the battery itself is relatively mature, but they are used in automotive batteries as power, there are still major problems . Li-ion battery has a small, lightweight, high voltage (which is nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries 3 times) that the energy of large (up to 165WH / kg, nickel-hydrogen batteries 3 times), cyclical long-term self - a low rate, no memory effect, no pollution, safety, and good, a great choice for car manufacturers as a new power battery energy lithium car battery.
China Lithium-ion battery industry started late in Japan, but the very rapid development in recent years, particularly in the food-lithium battery research and development ion have invested considerable financial and material resources. Lithium Chinese automotive-ion battery R & D project was the 863 “national” key project, much of the equipment to perform the localization and the introduction of multi-national materials has been self-built production lines and support, the plants have more than one, were the formation of large-scale production, intense market competition.
Automotive Li-ion battery industry because of enormous value inherent potential of electric vehicles, suppliers of battery materials upstream and downstream of the automakers have begun to enter the automotive battery. Li-ion battery is behind the price of hot cars on the plug-in hybrids (also known as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) and pure electric vehicles, the market prospects of recognition and R & D capabilities of their current concerns.
As the United States Ford, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Hyundai, France, Courreges, Ventury and other companies have launched their own lithium Motor Vehicle Program. While the domestic automaker BYD, Geely, Chery, Lifan, ZTE and other car firms also have their own hybrid and pure electric powered by lithium battery.
Therefore, the development cycle, the current market for automotive lithium battery is out of the start-up stage and began undergoing rapid growth.
Insufficient to solve the load and over-discharge phenomena
The level of security and the vehicle battery power management system is the bottleneck of the development of lithium batteries.
Currently, Chinese companies in BYD downstream Wanxiang Group, Shenzhen BAK Battery, Tianjin Lishen Battery and U.S. joint ventures Myers. Currently the only control of the vehicle battery pack lithium iron phosphate production technology of large scale, BYD Company, has officially launched its self-developed lithium-E6 Battery Powered F3DM pure electric vehicles and hybrids.
Currently, however, hinder the development of lithium-bottlenecks are ion battery: safety performance and vehicle power management system battery.
Automakers based on safety, oriented concept, the battery safety has presented a very high demand. As the supply voltage of 12V vehicle battery or 24V single power lithium-voltage ion battery is 3.7 V, it must be used by multiple cells in series, but difficult to achieve because of the burden and discharge the battery completely homogeneous, resulting in the battery discharge appears imbalance that occurs under load and over-discharge phenomenon, the situation will lead to a sharp deterioration in battery performance, eventually leading to all group of cells does not work, or even scrapped significantly affect battery life and reliability.
Therefore, lithium-ion battery power for good purposes, materials needed, batteries, systems management, taking into account the mechanical and other aspects. Therefore, firms in upstream and downstream should work together on drums as a core material, the management system requests formation of an industry group, would be conducive to technological progress and system costs.
Average price of materials, manufacturers continue to realize the localization and improved techniques
Barriers Lithium battery cathode materials with high entry, the minimum capacity, the anode materials for the industrialization of China has been achieved, the technology and the electrolyte membrane is still dependent on imports.
The lithium batteries can be divided into electrode (positive / negative) materials, separator and electrolyte. Material for Li-ion battery cathode is at the heart of the current cobalt oxide lithium, lithium manganese, lithium and nickel-cobalt-manganese-based lithium iron phosphate. Ze Yi graphite anode material, solid particles of carbon-based, amid the positive and negative electrodes while the electrolyte and battery separator.
As barriers to entry, material of the lithium battery cathode is the smallest capacity, which is the chain industry as a whole, the most promising aspect. Cathode materials currently in production companies are: China Baoan, CITIC Anhée Shanshangufen, BYD.
Compared with the cathode materials, anode materials, graphite, particles of solid carbon, which represents the proportion of low cost batteries, lithium, and the servant who has been achieved industrialization. Currently engaged in business in lithium battery cathode material production are the first three of the Chinese national security, capacity Shanshangufen shahi long. It is noteworthy that the negative electrode materials present in any position to meet market demand mainly domestic, but with the growing popularity of vehicles, new energy future, this application will be a massive shortfall.
Manufacturers of household batteries supporting electrolyte has been performed mainly at national level. Lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte main raw material, which represents about 50% of the cost of the electrolyte, its production cost is 10 yuan / ton, the price of 40 yuan / ton, gross margin reached 75%, but the market has been widely Electric Kanto Chemical Industry, SUTERAKEMI-FA, Morita chemistry, several Japanese companies a monopoly.
Divide the Department of Li-ion materials technology, barriers to higher value-added material, the gross margin is generally 70% or more, representing the cost of lithium batteries 20 ~ 30%. It is reported that the car needed to 1000-2000 m2 membrane. Currently, a serious shortage of market supply diaphragm, the most dependent on imports, the market dominated by Japanese Asahi Chemical Industry, Tonen Chemical, and the United States Celgard dominate. Domestic firms can produce only stars membrane technology source, Jinhui High-Tech two technologies are relatively mature.
Upstream to find the resources and technical barriers to a breakthrough in
Lithium iron phosphate power battery cathode materials, investment opportunities the most promising, but reserves are limited, the process technology for the simultaneous separation of lithium carbonate is only a few hands of foreign companies .
Power Lithium iron phosphate battery cathode materials, investment opportunities the most promising, the key raw materials, lithium iron phosphate is lithium carbonate, lithium carbonate from mineral resources in nature reserves are limited, with strong regional and scarcity of resources belonging to rare. Thus, in the chain of new energy automotive industry, the strategic resources of lithium carbonate become particularly important.
Currently, the Global Fund, lithium carbonate industry, the status quo, the threshold of significant resources, capacity is highly concentrated. At the end of 2007, major international manufacturers have SQM in Chile, the United States, FMC and Germany Chemta the total annual capacity of 78,000 tonnes, representing 80% of global market share. With the company producing the large scale must have reserves of lithium resources are more abundant in salt lake resources, mineral rights, making the resources of industry with higher barriers to entry, secondly, the vast majority of the planet’s resources are at high magnesium salt type lithium lowest of the high-and low magnesium lithium apple a1079 battery ,sony vgp-bps2 battery ,separation of brine purification of lithium carbonate in the process technology is very difficult, but these techniques only a small number of foreign companies rests in their hands, so that the area is very technical obstacles.
The current national production of lithium carbonate businesses mainly in Tibet, mining, CITIC Guoan, Western Mining Group, Qinghai Salt Lake Group, the four companies, while the extraction of Tibet and CITIC Guoan has accounted for the vast majority, the two companies in 2008, lithium carbonate Total production over 4000 tons.
It is estimated that each new type of electric vehicle needs about 0.08 tons of lithium carbonate, lithium batteries, once the engine of large scale application of new energy vehicles in 2012 that cars energy news on demand of lithium carbonate will reach 5 million tons. While domestic prices of industrial lithium carbonate years to 4.5 yuan / ton level of lithium carbonate price of 7 yuan / ton, the high purity lithium carbonate price is as high as 10 yuan / ton involved in local projects of the new as it is used Salt Lake brine extraction of lithium carbonate production costs 10,000 ~ 1.5 yuan / ton. Therefore, the market generally felt that the profitability of products of lithium carbonate is very high.

Fruit production of batteries
Do you know that certain fruits and vegetables you eat can also generate electricity do? Try the following experiment!
Tools and Materials
• 3 lemon (lime may be)
• 3 pieces of bright copper Ge. We use the coin
• 3 Ke galvanized screws (you can also use other metals more active, not necessarily zinc, both for replacement on the list)
• 4 son, preferably with a clip on the wire.
• Knife • 1 small paper label pasted
• Low voltage driven light-emitting diode (LED). We use Radio Shack model 276-330.
• 35 rounds mm plastic film or similar small container. Better to use a black hull opaque film.
• a nail or small punch
Zinc-plated screws are available in most hardware stores. They are also known as “electroplating” screws. For galvanized screws to prevent them from rusting, which makes live appearance looks bright. Wire belt clip can be purchased at hardware or electronics store.
Production Method
First, put all the lemons, one at a time. Side of the rotating part of the hand pressing them until you think they have become a little “soft.” This is done to allow internally generated more lemon juice. This step is very important because it can help you achieve the best results of the lemon battery.
Be galvanized screw screwed into a lemon about 1 / 3. Using a knife, be careful with the lemon on the other side 1 / 3 Cut a 1 cm incision.
Note: The best use of a knife by an adult. In all cases, please “watch” and “Slow” using a knife.
Copper in the incision until the coins in half lemon.
Note: Make sure you use a shiny new coin. If the room in the former, but not brilliant, polished with 100 JIES parts.
Whether or not you believe that you can now get underway lemon! Like other batteries, such as coins, is positive (), the screws are negative (-). Unfortunately, the battery is low. However, if you have several of these cells, they can be connected together to form a lemon battery.
As the parts and screws in the other two lemons. Then, using the son and clips, will be the first of a lemon on the screw with the second piece on the whole lemon, and so on, there are three lemon cells connected together. Also a coin to the first and last of a screw connected to a wire with a clip.
Finally, to connect to the first sequence on the marked part “and connect to the last screw nailed clip marked” -. “As a real battery, as the lemon battery is also positive () and negative (-).
When the series of articles, these lemon co-produced the battery cells in series with a small flashlight, some produced by the same voltage, or electric potential of about 2.5 volts to 3 volts between the two . But the lemon battery can not produce enough current to the bulb flashlight.
How can we identify the achievement of specific groups of the battery? One way is to require only 2.5 volts to 3 volts, and does not require too much current, the electrical equipment connected to the battery. Can use a device known as light emitting diodes can also be called LED. Very low voltage and low current can make the LED light.
The LED used the instructions on the box are 5 mm red LED, 1.8 volt, 20 mA. This means that the diameter of 5 mm LED, it requires 1.8 volts and 20 milliamps of current can be slight. In fact, less than 20 milliamps of current can make a little light-emitting LED. dell inspiron 6400 battery Our lemon battery has enough voltage, but current is not sufficient. We must find ways to observe the faint light. We will film in the shell to cut the outside light.
The use of nails, be careful in the film about half of the outer envelope of the two small holes where the top. Allows an adult to help you achieve this step.
Then a small hole marked “the other marked” -. ”
PIN LED will be folded into a smooth curve outward. Then, to observe carefully closing LEDs. It is mostly round. However, if it is placed at a specific point of view, you will see a pin near a flat surface. From this plane, the last pin is the anode. Pictured from left pin is the negative terminal of LED. You can see the left-most pin in the vicinity of the surface of the small apartment, do?
The negative pin and the LED marked “-” alignment film shell hole. Will run shell pressed film. Thanks to the LED cathode to the pin marked “-” the hole, then make another (positive) pin through the words “the hole.
Pull The Pin by the holes and departure to ensure they are marked with the slogan. Also film at the top of the shell label. OK LED to us.
We must all be prepared to wait for the last minute. While the film contains a shell LED marked “” alignment side battery lemon marked “clip”. Lemon battery is marked “-” in the film clip to close the envelope marked “-” side.
Now everything is ready! The LED cathode is connected to the lemon battery positive electrode. The LED cathode is connected to the negative terminal of the battery lemon. LED light!
But the hair of the LED light is very dark, because the current battery is too low. Shells film noir that can help you out in dim light. LED end of the play the role of a magnifying glass. When direct observation of the end of the LED, you can easily see the phenomenon of light.
This proves that you really can be used successfully produced a lemon battery! Congratulations!

 
A nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd)
Voltage: 1.2V life: 500 times
Discharge Temperature: -20 ° ~ 60 ° C Charging Temperature: 0 ° ~ 45 °
Note: anti-overload capacity.
B, nickel-metal hydride battery (Ni-Mh)
Voltage: 1.2V life: 1000 times
Discharge Temperature: -10 ° ~ 45 ° C Charging Temperature: 10 ° ~ 45 °
Note: Currently, the maximum capacity of about 2100mAh.
  
C, lithium-ion battery (Li-lon)
Voltage: 3.6V life: 500 times
Discharge Temperature: -20 ° ~ 60 ° C Charging Temperature: 0 ° ~ 45 °
Note: Ni-MH battery Light weight ratio 30% ~ 40% higher than Ni-MH battery capacity over 60%. But the extra forward, if the extra cost will the temperature is too high and damage the structure = “exploded.
  
D, lithium-polymer battery (Li-polymer)
Voltage: 3.7V life: 500 times
Discharge Temperature: -20 ° ~ 60 ° C Charging Temperature: 0 ° ~ 45 °
Note: electricity lithium improved, there is no battery fluid, while the transition to a polymer electrolyte can be molded into shape, and stability than lithium batteries.
  
E, lead acid batteries (Sealed)
Voltage: 2V life: 200 ~ 300 times
Discharge Temperature: 0 ° ~ 45 ° C Charging Temperature: 0 ° ~ 45 °
Note: this is the car battery in general (which is based on six 2V Series in the 12V), free water in the battery life up to 10 years, but the volume and the volume is larger.

Purchasing a new battery charging Glossary
A rate pricing (C-rate)

C is the capacity of the first letter used to indicate when the battery charge and discharge current size value.
For example: Charging the battery when the rated capacity of 1100 mAh, this means that for 1100mAh (1C) discharge time of 1 hour and sustainable, capable of 200mA (0.2C) discharge time of 5 hours of sustainable load control can also be calculated here.
  
B, the termination voltage (Cut-off Discharge Voltage)
Refers to the discharge of the battery, the voltage drop in the battery is not appropriate to continue to meet the minimum operating voltage.
Depending on battery type and conditions of different speeds, the battery capacity and the demands of life are different, therefore proposed that the termination voltage of the battery discharge is not the same.
  
C, open-circuit voltage (open circuit voltage OCV)
When the battery does not discharge the battery potential difference between the two poles is called the open circuit voltage.
Open circuit voltage of the battery will be in accordance with the battery positive and negative electrode materials vary with the electrolyte, the battery positive and negative electrode material exactly the same, then no matter the magnitude of the size of battery, the geometrical structure of how the change of open circuit voltage are the same.
  
D, depth of discharge (DOD discharge Depth)
In the battery during the battery capacity output of a percent of rated capacity is called depth of discharge.
The level of depth of discharge and the life of the secondary battery charge has a profound relationship, when the secondary battery of the deep depth of discharge, charging shorter life expectancy, and should therefore try to avoid using depth of discharge.
  
E, excessive discharge (discharge more)
If the battery in the discharge process, rather than the termination value of low battery voltage, but also continue to perform May cause the battery to the internal pressure is increased, material, negative positive reversibility of active lesions produce significantly reduces battery capacity.
  
F Overload (plus shipping)
Battery charging, in achieving full status if it continued to charge that could cause the battery to the internal pressure increases, the deformation of the battery occurred during the night, and so on, the cell performance will be significantly reduced and damage.
  
G, the energy density (energy density)
The average volume of unit cells or the quality of energy release.
In general, the same volume, the energy density of lithium-ion battery is a nickel-cadmium battery 2.5 times, is 1.8 times the nickel-hydride batteries, metal, thus the battery capacity equal circumstances the lithium-ion batteries will be more than nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydride batteries, metal smaller and lighter.
  
H, self-discharge (discharge Self)
La batterie doit être utilisé indépendamment du fait que l’Etat, pour des raisons diverses, ne donnent lieu au phénomène de la perte de sa capacité. If in a month as a unit to assess, lithium-ion battery self-discharge is about 1% -2%, Ni-MH battery self-discharge is approximately 3% -5%.
  
I, head of the life cycle (Life Cycle)
Charge-discharge repeated use of rechargeable batteries, the battery capacity has decreased gradually back to the initial capacity of 60-80%.
J, the memory effect (memory effect)
In the process of cell loading and unloading, the flat battery pole produces many small bubbles and over time, these bubbles will reduce the size of the battery plates, but also indirectly affect the battery capacity.

Electric vehicle market in the sustained and rapid development of China in the context of the Asian Electric Vehicle Association, the Professional Committee of electric vehicles in China, such as sponsored “2009 Fifth Beijing International Electric Vehicle Expo-cum-vehicles clean energy, “recently at the inauguration of the China International Exhibition Center. In this exhibition, Harbin Power Equipment Co., Ltd. crown Billiton has launched a lithium battery management for exhibitors and participants much concern.

Grand Crown Billiton debut exhibition in Beijing

Harbin Power Equipment Co., Ltd. is a crown Billiton Beijing Polytechnic University and Harbin Institute of Technology and other colleges and universities for technical support from Shanghai to the U.S. investment in equity capital blue, specializes in management system of energy for lithium batteries and the power of lithium battery testing equipment developed high-tech companies, founded in April 2002, registered in Harbin High-Tech Development Zone.

Crown technology Billiton core team of more than ten years of concentrated study of test equipment battery, over six years of lithium-powered system battery management for its dedication to business development in properties of lithium battery, charge the lithium battery technology and discharge lithium-Powered technology battery management, electrical energy systems of the vehicle has accumulated a rich experience. Auto Company developed the management system of the battery with high reliability, high stability and features a high cost performance, but also has applications for a long time applications widely applied quantity characteristics. The company management system batteries currently have a strong industrial capacity. Companies are more high-tech enterprises in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin City, high-tech companies.

Crown Billiton in 2008 as a “national electricity industry (lithium system battery power) standard units of senior members of the drafting group’s work” establishing the participation standard. In the show has launched a management system Battery has applied for national invention patent ((proprietary name: A device for battery management, the number of the patent application: 200,810,064,698.8)), and has obtained CE certification.

The battery management system has become a focus of the exhibition

Currently in the industry of electric cars, batteries, electric vehicle management system battery is three closely related industrial chain. As long as the traction batteries, there are security risks, while the lithium-ion more active elements, the lithium-lead-acid is more than evident. Lithium batteries can be directly used in electric vehicles, while the system lithium battery management to respond to the application of lithium batteries. To more effectively to avoid security risks, the presence management system of lithium, there is a necessity.

The formation of the crown portion of the total, said the journalist, the core management system battery is “control at both ends with the environment.” The control of so-called two: one is the control battery charge time, that is, each battery can not overload the battery only once the battery over charge, it will create damage to the battery, and this damage can be repaired, while overloading May cause fire and explosion, even the lithium iron, there is the hidden danger dangerous The second control is the on-battery discharge. Namely, the process of moving electric vehicles to monitor each battery using only the lower limit of the battery, if the over-use would also damage the battery. Therefore, the management system of batteries, through the control of these two aspects, the battery charging and utilization are in protecting absolute safety.

At the same time, the management system battery is not only for the single cell, right into a group more productive role in the battery. Existed as long as a single battery charge or over-discharge phenomenon, resulting in the destruction of the entire group of cells, thus charging the battery so as to achieve balanced in groups to achieve a balanced load on concept of the battery to reach the battery group The aim of self-balance, significantly extended battery life.

Streamlining management strategy is the key management system battery. A system of quality management system must manage the battery, charger and motor controller, the three coordinates. Namely, when the battery charger must be reasonable for docking and control the discharge time to take reasonable steps to control policy engines discharge, thus creating a set of strategies for quality management.

Formation of the crown system lithium Management

The formation of the Crown management system lithium battery, the real benefit of this system, specialization, serialization, product-oriented and industry-oriented operation and many do this management system, remained in the state of research.
The management system is obviously different from the Office for Protection of the battery. The battery management system is relatively transparent, allowing users to see a very direct management of the condition of the battery and make the management process immediately, but can also be controlled; Protection Committee of the battery is as black box operations can achieve a balanced management and scientific management, even if the battery is to override the upper limit, it can be stopped responding. At the same time, the welfare committee of the battery to the amount of broad low price as a selling point, can be used in electric bicycles and electric vehicles and even real electric car, only management can be achieved. It also indirectly determines the extension of Crown Battery management market positions.

Crown Management Billiton battery system as early as 2003, market demand for inputs from R & D, production of foreign trade to the initial primary market in the international areas, the workshop was face wide. Entrance to the market in force is relatively large, as in 2005 in cooperation with the Center of Beijing International Convention touring coach, has executed hundreds of thousands of miles, after four years without looking for another battery, while the battery capacity is also can maintain the 70% original. It is also used to verify the actual use of the crown Billiton system strength battery management technology.

Harbin Power Equipment Co., Ltd. Total square crown Billiton also said in an interview, electric cars lithium power is the future development of the electric car industry, after 2008, the economic impact, the industry electric car companies have already begun to re-Shu, Li-power electric car would be like breaking began the day in this piece of fertile land. Li-ion battery system management will be the future electric cars, the key to improving the relationship of the industrial chain! Therefore, we also have good reasons to believe that tomorrow will be better Billiton crown!